کد مقاله | کد نشریه | سال انتشار | مقاله انگلیسی | نسخه تمام متن |
---|---|---|---|---|
579486 | 1453141 | 2011 | 11 صفحه PDF | دانلود رایگان |
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
Disinfection byproducts in Canadian provinces: Associated cancer risks and medical expenses
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کلمات کلیدی
موضوعات مرتبط
مهندسی و علوم پایه
مهندسی شیمی
بهداشت و امنیت شیمی
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چکیده انگلیسی
Chlorination for drinking water forms various disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Some DBPs are probably linked to human cancer (e.g., bladder, colorectal cancers) and other chronic and sub-chronic effects. This emphasizes the need to understand and characterize DBPs in drinking water and possible risks to human health. In this study, occurrences of DBPs throughout Canada were investigated. Trihalomethanes (THMs) were observed to be highest in Manitoba followed by Nova Scotia and Saskatchewan, while haloacetic acids were highest in Nova Scotia followed by Newfoundland and Labrador. Based on the characterization of DBPs, risk of cancer from exposure to THMs was predicted using ingestion, inhalation and dermal contact pathways of exposure. In Canada, approximately 700 cancer cases may be caused by exposure to THMs in drinking water. Medical expenses associated with these cancer incidents are estimated at some $140 million/year. Expense may be highest in Ontario (â¼$47 million/year) followed by Quebec (â¼$25 million/year) due to a greater population base. This paper suggests improvements in water treatment, source protection and disinfection processes, and caution in the use of alternative disinfectants to reduce DBPs. Finally, elements are provided to mitigate risks and reduce cost estimates in future studies.
ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: Journal of Hazardous Materials - Volume 187, Issues 1â3, 15 March 2011, Pages 574-584
Journal: Journal of Hazardous Materials - Volume 187, Issues 1â3, 15 March 2011, Pages 574-584
نویسندگان
Shakhawat Chowdhury, Manuel J. Rodriguez, Rehan Sadiq,