Sorption behavior of fluoride ions from aqueous solutions by hydroxyapatite

The effects of pH, contact time, fluoride-ion concentration, and the dose of sorbent on the sorption of fluoride ions by hydroxyapatite were studied. Equilibrium was reached in 16 h of contact time and the maximum sorption of fluoride ions was in the pHeq range between 5 and 7.3. The highest efficiency in the sorption system was determined by using 0.01 g of hydroxyapatite and 25 mL of solution. The pseudo-second order model described the kinetic sorption processes, and the Freundlich model, the sorption isotherm process. These results indicated that the mechanism was chemisorption on a heterogeneous material. Fluoride ions were partially desorbed using an alkaline solution.