Synthesis, characterization and application of ethylenediamine-modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes for selective solid-phase extraction and preconcentration of metal ions

A new method that utilizes ethylenediamine-modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes as a solid-phase extractant has been developed for simultaneous preconcentration of trace Cr(III), Fe(III) and Pb(II) prior to the measurement by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Identification of the surface modification was characterized and performed on the basis of transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectra and elemental analysis. The separation/preconcentration conditions of analytes were investigated, including the pH value, the shaking time, the sample flow rate and volume, the elution condition and the interfering ions. The maximum adsorption capacity of the adsorbent at optimum conditions was found to be 39.58, 28.69 and 54.48 mg g−1 for Cr(III), Fe(III) and Pb(II), respectively. The detection limits of the method were under 0.35 ng mL−1 and the relative standard deviations were lower than 3.5% (n = 11). The method was validated using a certified reference material, and has been applied for the determination of trace Cr(III), Fe(III) and Pb(II) in biological and natural water samples with satisfactory results.