کد مقاله کد نشریه سال انتشار مقاله انگلیسی نسخه تمام متن
5813605 1556611 2016 17 صفحه PDF دانلود رایگان
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
Purines in neurite growth and astroglia activation
موضوعات مرتبط
علوم زیستی و بیوفناوری علم عصب شناسی علوم اعصاب رفتاری
پیش نمایش صفحه اول مقاله
Purines in neurite growth and astroglia activation
چکیده انگلیسی


- Purines play important roles in the generation and maturation of neurons during development.
- The P2Y1 receptor was identified as major subtype in neuronal development followed by the P2Y2 receptor.
- The P2Y1 receptor promotes neurite growth; the P2X7 and P2Y13 receptors inhibit this effect.
- Purines induce astrogliosis, glial scar formation and production of trophic and toxic factors.
- Astroglial support of neuronal growth is mainly mediated by the P2X7 and P2Y1/2 receptor subtypes.

The mammalian nervous system is a complex, functional network of neurons, consisting of local and long-range connections. Neuronal growth is highly coordinated by a variety of extracellular and intracellular signaling molecules. Purines turned out to be an essential component of these processes. Here, we review the current knowledge about the involvement of purinergic signaling in the regulation of neuronal development. We particularly focus on its role in neuritogenesis: the formation and extension of neurites. In the course of maturation mammals generally lose their ability to regenerate the central nervous system (CNS) e.g. after traumatic brain injury; although, spontaneous regeneration still occurs in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Thus, it is crucial to translate the knowledge about CNS development and PNS regeneration into novel approaches to enable neurons of the mature CNS to regenerate. In this context we give a general overview of growth-inhibitory and growth-stimulatory factors and mechanisms involved in neurite growth. With regard to neuronal growth, astrocytes are an important cell population. They provide structural and metabolic support to neurons and actively participate in brain signaling. Astrocytes respond to injury with beneficial or detrimental reactions with regard to axonal growth. In this review we present the current knowledge of purines in these glial functions. Moreover, we discuss organotypic brain slice co-cultures as a model which retains neuron-glia interactions, and further presents at once a model for CNS development and regeneration. In summary, the purinergic system is a pivotal factor in neuronal development and in the response to injury.This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Purines in Neurodegeneration and Neuroregeneration'.

ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: Neuropharmacology - Volume 104, May 2016, Pages 255-271
نویسندگان
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