Removal of Cu2+ and Zn2+ from model wastewaters by spontaneous reduction-coagulation process in flow conditions

The treatment of model wastewaters containing heavy metals by spontaneous reduction-coagulation process using micro-alloyed aluminium composite (MAlC) in a laboratory semi-flow system (SFS) has been investigated. Several working parameters, such as treatment time, pH, initial metal concentration and flow rate were studied in an attempt to achieve a higher removal capacity. The residual concentrations of metals were at admissible levels after only 20 min of treatment. Removal rate of Zn2+ was greater at neutral pH than at acid or basic, while Cu2+ removal was less affected by pH. Removal constants of both metals decreased as initial metal concentration increased from 20 to 200 mg L−1. In mixed wastewaters the presence of copper caused increase of Zn2+ removal efficacy, however, the copper removal was not affected by zinc. The removal mechanisms depend on metals nature and pH: copper was mainly removed by reduction, while zinc by precipitation as hydroxide. The kinetic of process was mass-transport limited, thus increasing of flow rate accelerated removal of metals. The method was found to be highly efficient and faster compared to conventional treatments.