Removal of copper(II) from aqueous solution by pine and base modified pine cone powder as biosorbent

Biosorption temperature was found to increase copper(II) uptake for all samples indicating that copper(II) biosorption is endothermic in nature. Activation energy computed from the pseudo-second order rate constant increased with NaOH modification from 18.22 to 21.39 kJ mol−1. The thermodynamic parameters of activation (ΔG*, ΔH* and ΔS*) were computed using Erying equation and the results show that the reorientation step is mostly entropy controlled at the activation state and the contribution of entropy to the reorientation step of activation tends to decrease with NaOH washing and with increase in NaOH concentration.