Chemical fractionation and translocation of heavy metals in Canna indica L. grown on industrial waste amended soil

A pot experiment was carried out to assess the effect of different amendments of industrial sludge on the growth of Canna indica L. as well as the translocation potential of heavy metals of this plant. The accumulation of metals (Cr, Fe, Cd, Cu, Ni, Zn, Mn and Pb) in different parts of C. indica L. grown on industrial sludge-amended soil increased with time and increasing doses of sludge amendments. Sequential extraction method was followed to estimate the different fractions of heavy metals in sludge-amended soils collected from different periods of this study. The results showed that Mn, Zn, Cd, Cr and Pb were mostly associated with Fe-Mn oxide fraction in all amendments, whereas, Ni was mostly found in residual (RES) fraction. Cu and Fe were found to be higher in organically bounded form (OM) and RES fraction. The metal concentration in C. indica L. after 90 days of experiment started, was in the order of Fe > Cr > Mn > Zn > Ni > Cu > Cd > Pb and the metal translocation was found lesser in shoot. With the increasing percentage of sludge amendments in soil the metal concentrations increased in different parts of plants. Overall, the plant C. indica L. was found to be well adapted in industrial sludge amendments and it may be recommended that this plant was found suitable for phytoremediation of most of the studied metals.