Immunopharmacology and InflammationDes-aspartate-angiotensin I exerts antiviral effects and attenuates ICAM-1 formation in rhinovirus-infected epithelial cells

The high frequency of rhinovirus (RV) infection and the lack of an effective treatment, underline the importance of research on novel anti-rhinoviral agents. The present study investigated the effects of des-aspartate-angiotensin I (DAA-I) on the survival of RV14-infected H1HeLa cells; and the early inflammatory processes in RV14-infected A549 lung epithelial cells. The study rationale was based on earlier findings showing that DAA-I is an effective anti-inflammatory agent, and that symptoms and severity of rhinoviral infection are related to the underling inflammation. RV14 concentration dependently caused the death of H1HeLa cells and DAA-I, at concentrations of 10− 10 to 10− 12 M, attenuated the lethal action of RV14 indicating that that DAA-I exerts antiviral action. Unlike its action on H1HeLa cells, RV14 did not cause apparent cytopathic effect on A549 cells, and these cells were used to study the antiviral action of DAA-I. RV14 induced overexpression of ICAM-1, E-selectin and overproduction of superoxide in A549 cells, and DAA-I attenuated the three increases to basal level at concentrations of 10− 10 to 10− 12 M. Losartan, an angiotensin AT1 receptor antagonist, blocked the inhibitory action of DAA-I on superoxide overproduction indicating that the AT1 receptor mediates the action of DAA-I. The present data represent a novel demonstration of the antiviral action of an angiotensin peptide, and a possible involvement of the renin angiotensin system in viral infection. Indeed the angiotensin AT1 receptor has been reported to be obligatory for the development of virus-induced myocardial injury through the proinflammatory action of angiotensin II via the NF-κB/cytokine pathway.