Development of an isocratic HPLC method for catechin quantification and its application to formulation studies

The aim of this study was to develop a simple, rapid and accurate isocratic HPLC analytical method to qualify and quantify five catechin derivatives, namely (+)-catechin (C), (−)-epigallocatechin (EGC), (−)-epicatechin gallate (ECG), (−)-epicatechin (EC) and (−)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). To validate the analytical method, linearity, repeatability, intermediate precision, sensitivity, selectivity and recovery were investigated. The five catechin derivatives were completely separated by HPLC using a mobile phase containing 0.1% TFA in Milli-Q water (pH 2.0) mixed with methanol at the volume ratio of 75:25 at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min. The method was shown to be linear (r2 > 0.99), repeatable with instrumental precision < 2.0 and intra-assay precision < 2.5 (%CV, percent coefficient of variation), precise with intra-day variation < 1 and inter-day variation < 2.5 (%CV, percent coefficient of variation) and sensitive (LOD < 1 μg/mL and LOQ < 3 μg/mL) over the calibration range for all five derivatives. Derivatives could be fully recovered in the presence of niosomal formulation (recovery rates > 91%). Selectivity of the method was proven by the forced degradation studies, which showed that under acidic, basic, oxidation temperature and photolysis stresses, the parent drug can be separated from the degradation products by means of this analytical method. The described method was successfully applied in the in vitro release studies of catechin-loaded niosomes to manifest its utility in formulation characterization. Obtained results indicated that the drug release from niosomal formulations was a biphasic process and a diffusion mechanism regulated the permeation of catechin niosomes.

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