Invited ReviewImpact of exercise training on redox signaling in cardiovascular diseases

- Oxidant stress has an adverse impact on the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases.
- Redox signaling regulates exercise-training-mediated cardioprotection.
- Exercise training counteracts oxidant stress in cardiovascular pathologies.

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species regulate a wide array of signaling pathways that governs cardiovascular physiology. However, oxidant stress resulting from disrupted redox signaling has an adverse impact on the pathogenesis and progression of cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we address how redox signaling and oxidant stress affect the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases such as ischemia-reperfusion injury, hypertension and heart failure. We also summarize the benefits of exercise training in tackling the hyperactivation of cellular oxidases and mitochondrial dysfunction seen in cardiovascular diseases.