Exposure assessment of mycotoxins in cow's milk in Argentina

A stochastic simulation model was developed to carry out the first quantitative risk exposure assessment of the mycotoxin level in cow's milk produced in Argentina. The prevalence and concentration of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA) were modeled at various stages through milk processes complying with Argentinean practices. Concentration of AFM1 (0.059 ppb), DON (0.338 ppb) and ZEA (0.125 ppb) in dairy milk were estimated. The proportion of feed samples that exceeded the maximum level accepted by European regulations for AFB1, DON and ZEA were estimated at 25.07%, 0.0% and 8.9%, respectively. The percentage of milk samples that exceeded the maximum level accepted for AFB1 by the MERCOSUR (0.5 ppb) and the European Union regulations (0.05 ppb) were 0.81 and 32.65, respectively. The probability distribution of AFM1 concentration in milk was affected by the carry-over rate equations applied in the model. Mycotoxin levels in corn silage and concentrated feeds were the factors most correlated with mycotoxin concentrations in milk. Therefore, agricultural practices, crop management and feed production require prompt attention regarding mycotoxin issues.

► We developed an exposure assessment of mycotoxin in cow's milk produced in Argentina. ► Prevalence and concentration of mycotoxins were modelled through milk processes. ► The mycotoxins considered were aflatoxin B1, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone. ► Corn silage and concentrated feeds were the most important sources of mycotoxin. ► Agricultural practices, crop management & feed production require prompt attention.