Neurobehavioral effects of lead and manganese individually and in combination in developmentally exposed rats

► Low level developmental exposures to Pb, Mn or their mixture result in gender specific behavioral effects. ► Effects on body weight, surface righting, locomotor activity and learning and memory vary depending on exposure regimen. ► Regional metal accumulation indicates pharmacokinetic interactions between Pb and Mn. ► Toxicity profiles vary depending on exposure period, concentration and presence of other neurotoxicants.