Development of a Linked Segment Model to Derive Patient Low Back Reaction Forces and Moments During High-Velocity Low-Amplitude Spinal Manipulation

This model was the first attempt to directly measure all contact forces acting on the participant/patient's upper body, and integrate them with spine kinematic data to determine patient low back reaction forces and moments during HVLA-SM in a side-lying posture. Advantages of this model include the brevity of data collection (< 1 hour), and adaptability for different patient anthropometries and clinician-patient contacts.