Real-Time Monitoring of Stresses and Displacements in Cervical Nuclei Pulposi During Cervical Spine Manipulation: A Finite Element Model Analysis

The morphology of the C3/4 nucleus pulposus changed during CSM with right rotation, and it created a gap in its left inferior aspect. Biomechanically, it is more safe and rational to rotate toward the healthy side than the prolapsed side of the intervertebral disk during CSM. Upon ensuring due safety, the closer the application force is to the diseased intervertebral disk, the better is the effect of CSM.