Effect of ignition position on the run-up distance to DDT for hydrogen–air explosions

The method described in this paper enabled reliable and accurate positioning of an overdriven detonation by calculation of shock wave velocities (detonation and retonation) for hydrogen explosions in a closed 18 m long horizontal DN150 pipe. This enabled an empirical correlation between the ignition position and the run-up distance to DDT to be determined. It was shown that the initial ability of the flame to expand unobstructed and the piston-like effect of burnt gas expanding against the closed end of the tube contributed to initial flame acceleration and hence were able to affect the run-up distance to overdriven detonation. Flame speeds and rates of initial pressure rise were also used to explain how these two competing effects were able to produce a minimum in the run-up distance to DDT. The shortest run-up distance to DDT, relative to the ignition position, for this pipe and gas configuration was found when the ignition position was placed 5.6 pipe diameters (or 0.9 m) from the closed pipe end. The shortest run-up distance to DDT relative to the end of the pipe was recorded when the ignition source was placed 4.4 pipe diameters or 0.7 m from the pipe end.

Research highlights
► DDT of hydrogen–air explosions in a horizontal 18 m DN150 pipe investigated.
► Detonation and retonation wave velocities from DDT were calculated.
► Calculation of the exact position of the transition from deflagration to detonation.
► Decrease of 40% in the run-up distance to DDT was obtainable.
► Initial ability of the flame to propagate unhindered and a piston effect.