Temporal changes in cardiac matrix metalloproteinase activity, oxidative stress, and TGF-β in renovascular hypertension-induced cardiac hypertrophy

► Metaloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) is relevant in hypertensive cardiac remodeling. ► Oxidative stress and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) affect MMP activity. ► We show temporal alterations in these factors during hypertension. ► Hypertension upregulated MMP-2, TGF-β, and promoted oxidative stress. ► These alterations were found at early and late phases of hypertension.