CDH1 −160C>A gene polymorphism is an ethnicity-dependent risk factor for gastric cancer

The associations between E-cadherin (CDH1) gene polymorphisms and gastric cancer (GC) susceptibility are still controversial. Given this uncertainty, we carried out a meta-analysis of published case-control studies to derive more precise estimations of these relationships. Relevant studies were identified from PubMed and EMBASE up to March 2011. Seventeen studies with 3511 GC cases and 4826 controls were selected. Crude odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to investigate the strength of the associations. No associations between CDH1 (+54T>C, −160C>A, −347G>GA, −616G>C, −2076C>T and −3159T>C) gene polymorphisms and GC risk for all genetic models were found. As for CDH1 −160C>A polymorphism, subgroup analyses by country, gender, study design, smoking status, Helicobacter pylori infection, and the Lauren classification of GC did not change the results. When stratified by ethnicity, we found the A allele carriers had a significantly increased risk of GC among Caucasians (AA vs. CA + CC: OR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.03-2.19, P = 0.03), but not among Asians (AA vs. CA + CC: OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.56-1.37, P = 0.56). No publication bias was found in the present study. This meta-analysis suggests that CDH1 −160C>A gene polymorphism may contribute to increased risk of GC among Caucasians.

► No associations between CDH1 variants and gastric cancer risk in overall analyses. ► No significant associations were obtained by means of haplotype analysis. ► The CDH1 −160A allele carriers have an increased gastric cancer risk among Caucasians. ► Three studies are the major sources of heterogeneity. ► There is no evidence of publication bias for CDH1 −160C>A polymorphism.