Neuroendocrine-immune interaction: Regulation of inflammation via G-protein coupled receptors

► Chemokine and opioid GPCRs are simultaneously expressed on leukocytes. ► GPCRs on leukocytes may interact via dimerization or heterologous desensitization. ► Adrenaline, morphine and melatonin inhibit chemokine-induced chemotaxis of phagocytes. ► Specificity and efficacy of medications may be affected by GPCR interactions.