Metformin attenuates fluctuating glucose-induced endothelial dysfunction through enhancing GTPCH1-mediated eNOS recoupling and inhibiting NADPH oxidase

Metformin improves the FG-induced endothelial dysfunction in HUVECs. The protective effect of metformin may be mediated through activation of GTPCH1-mediated eNOS recoupling and inhibition of NADPH oxidase via an AMPK-dependent pathway.