Differential pattern of pre-S mutations/deletions and its association with hepatitis B virus genotypes in Eastern India

The presence of three different HBV genotypes (A, C and D) in Eastern India provided us a unique opportunity to study HBV pre-S mutants in these genotypes and subtypes among the same ethnic population. Furthermore, we also aimed to investigate the association of the HBV pre-S mutation with clinical outcome. Pre-S1-S2 and S gene was amplified and sequenced from 86 HBsAg positive study subjects with varying clinical manifestation. The genetic variability in the pre-S region (mutations) was studied with respect to different HBV genotypes, subtypes and different clinical categories. Six different types of HBV pre-S mutations were detected in 25 cases (29.07%), among which pre-S2 start codon mutation (28.0%) and pre-S2 deletion (24.0%) were most common. Pre-S mutation was highest in HBV/C (7/18; 38.89%) followed by HBV/A (9/27; 33.33%) and HBV/D (9/40; 22.50%). Pre-S1 deletion is common in HBV/D, whereas pre-S2 start codon mutation and pre-S2 deletions are frequent among HBV/A and HBV/C, respectively. Interestingly, in HBV/A and HBV/C the tendency of mutation/deletion increases from pre-S1 to pre-S2 region while in HBV/D the opposite tendency was observed. A significantly higher association of pre-S mutation (p = 0.013) and pre-S2 deletion/ablation (p = 0.016) was found among the HBeAg negative cases. Pre-S1 deletion and pre-S2 deletion were common among the ASC and CLD cases respectively, while pre-S2 start codon mutation was significantly associated with cirrhosis (p < 0.05). The study underscores the association of types of pre-S mutations with particular HBV genotype and clinical outcome in the study population.

► First study characterizing hepatitis B virus (HBV) pre-S region from Eastern India. ► Differential association of type of pre-S mutations with HBV genotypes A, C and D. ► Type of pre-S mutation correlated with clinical outcome. ► The first report of HBV genotype recombination from Eastern India.