Global population structure of the stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans) inferred by mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data

▶ We investigate population structure and demographic history of Stomoxys calcitrans. ▶ We find that S. calcitrans populations are partitioned into two lineages. ▶ The first lineage is Oriental whereas the second consists of remaining populations. ▶ Isolation between the two lineages is suggested to occur around mid Pleistocene. ▶ Expansion time for S. calcitrans populations is approximately 12,000-7000 years ago.