Modulation of the humoral immune response by targeting CD40 and FcγRII/III; delivery of soluble but not particulate antigen to CD40 enhances antibody responses with a Th1 bias

► We compare antigen targeting by CD40 and FcγRII/III antibodies and by microspheres. ► All three strategies enhance antibody responses but none of the effects are additive. ► CD40 targeting induces the strongest IgG2a responses indicating a Th1 bias.