Lipoteichoic acid from Lactobacillus plantarum induces nitric oxide production in the presence of interferon-γ in murine macrophages

► Lactobacillus plantarum lipoteichoic acid (LTA) alone marginally induces nitric oxide (NO) production in macrophages. ► LTA induces NO production through iNOS expression in the presence of IFN-γ. ► Platelet-activating factor receptor and Toll-like receptor 2 are necessary for the NO production. ► LTA plus IFN-γ activate signaling pathways leading to the activation of STAT1 and NF-κB.