Substantial incongruence among the morphology, taxonomy, and molecular phylogeny of the land snails Aegista, Landouria, Trishoplita, and Pseudobuliminus (Pulmonata: Bradybaenidae) occurring in East Asia

- Extensive parallel evolution was detected.
- Shell morphology did not reflect phylogenetic relationships.
- Four genera should be tentatively compiled into a single genus Aegista.