The effect of sampling from subdivided populations on species identification with DNA barcodes using a Bayesian statistical approach

► Identification problems ensue when sequences underestimate within-species variation. ► Underestimates are common with population substructure and recently diverged species. ► A single sample from another divergent locality increases correct assignments. ► Simulated data and empirical data from tiger moths illustrate these effects. ► Broad geographical sampling and a Bayesian approach to species delimitation is advocated.