Molecular systematics and evolutionary history of the genus Carabus (Col. Carabidae)

► We examined Carabus phylogeny using a large dataset (7.5 kb, 99 species). ► Monophyly of the morphological subgroups is mostly confirmed. ► Carabus originated ca 25.1-16.7 Ma. ► Major splits were probably caused by forest fragmentation and mountain orogenesis. ► Mito-nuclear discordance at shallower nodes may be explained by mtDNA introgression.