Phylogenetic and ecological relationships of the Hawaiian Drosophila inferred by mitochondrial DNA analysis

► The picture wing and modified mouthpart taxa are basal, rather than derived, in the tree. ► The haleakale species group is strongly supported as sister to the AMC clade. ► Oviposition substrate is more conserved among species groups than host plant family. ► The ancestor of this group may have used rotting bark as a primary oviposition substrate.