Mitochondrial DNA reveals multiple introductions of domestic chicken in East Africa

► Five haplogroups (A-E) are observed in East African village chicken. ► Haplogroup D is the most widespread across the region. ► Three haplogroups originate from Asia and two are of commercial introgression. ► Ancient maritime and terrestrial contacts between Asia and Africa are confirmed. ► Presence of large maternal genetic diversity in East African village chickens.