The world's smallest vertebrate species of the genus Paedocypris: A new family of freshwater fishes and the sister group to the world's most diverse clade of freshwater fishes (Teleostei: Cypriniformes)

Accompanying growing consistency of phylogenetic evidence of relationships in the Cypriniformes has come the consistent support of major clades within the previously recognized family Cyprinidae now recognized as a series of separate families, rendering the former Cyprinidae equivalent to Cyprinoidea. The revised family Cyprinidae includes species of the former subfamily Cyprininae, sister to Psilorhynchidae. The former subfamilies of Cyprininae, Acheilognathinae, Leuciscinae, and Gobioninae are elevated to families, and in keeping with consistency between phylogenetic relationships and classification the families Leptobarbidae and Tincidae are now recognized and the new families Tanichthyidae and Sundadanionidae are described. Paedocypris is recognized in a new superfamily, Paedocypridoidea, and family, Paedocyprididae.