Different types of avoidance behavior in rats produce dissociable post-training changes in sleep

► Not all rats can learn to make avoidance responses. ► Rats that avoid shock have increased REM following training. ► Rats that make escape failures have increased REM and SWS following training. ► Escape failures are observed in learned helplessness, a model for depression. ► Post-training changes in sleep may represent role of sleep for memory consolidation