Smoking is associated with an increased risk of first and recurrent ventricular tachyarrhythmias in ischemic and nonischemic patients with mild heart failure: A MADIT-CRT substudy

Current smokers with left ventricular dysfunction and mild heart failure are at a significantly higher risk of VTAs or death than are past smokers and nonsmokers. Smoking is associated with a significant increase in the risk of recurrent VTAs in both patients with ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy.