Effects of exercise and antioxidant supplementation on endothelial gene expression

BackgroundThe molecular mechanisms of exercise training induced cardiovascular protection are poorly understood. There is growing evidence that reactive oxygen species may be involved in a number of these adaptations and that antioxidants may be used to investigate this effect.ObjectiveTo determine the effects of exercise training and/or antioxidant supplementation on myocardial endothelium and vascular endothelium gene expression.MethodsMale Wistar rats were divided into four groups: i) control; ii) exercise trained (90 min of treadmill running 4d per week, 14 weeks); iii) antioxidant-supplemented (α-tocopherol 1000 IU kg− 1 diet and α-lipoic acid 1.6 g kg− 1 diet, mixed with rat chow) and iv) exercise trained and antioxidant-supplemented.ResultscDNA microarray analysis showed diverse expression changes in both left ventricular and coronary artery endothelial cells. In particular, RT-PCR analysis showed that a gene involved in cardiovascular disease progression, Ras homolog gene family member A, was down-regulated by exercise, and up-regulated by antioxidant supplementation in left ventricular endothelial cells. Furthermore, an important gene involved in inflammation, IL-6, was down-regulated by all treatments.ConclusionsExercise training and/or antioxidant supplementation affects cardiac endothelial cell gene expression, and their effects on genes such as ras homolog gene family member A and IL-6 provides insight into the molecular mechanisms of their influences on cardiovascular diseases.