Coverage percentage and raman measurement of cross-tile and scaffold cross-tile based DNA nanostructures

• We present free-solution annealed DNA nanotubes and DNA nanolattices consisting of cross-tiles (CT1 and CT2) and a scaffold cross-tile (SCT).
• When we perform mica-assisted growth annealing with CT1, a dimensional change occurs where the 1D nanotubes transform into 2D nanolattices.
• We assessed the coverage percentage of the 2D nanolattices grown on the mica substrate as a function of the DNA concentration.
• Finally, we fabricated divalent and trivalent ion-modified 2D nanolattices which were examined via Raman spectroscopy.

We present two free-solution annealed DNA nanostructures consisting of either cross-tile CT1 or CT2. The proposed nanostructures exhibit two distinct structural morphologies, with one-dimensional (1D) nanotubes for CT1 and 2D nanolattices for CT2. When we perform mica-assisted growth annealing with CT1, a dramatic dimensional change occurs where the 1D nanotubes transform into 2D nanolattices due to the presence of the substrate. We assessed the coverage percentage of the 2D nanolattices grown on the mica substrate with CT1 and CT2 as a function of the concentration of the DNA monomer. Furthermore, we fabricated a scaffold cross-tile (SCT), which is a new design of a modified cross-tile that consists of four four-arm junctions with a square aspect ratio. For SCT, eight oligonucleotides are designed in such a way that adjacent strands with sticky ends can produce continuous arms in both the horizontal and vertical directions. The SCT was fabricated via free-solution annealing, and self-assembled SCT produces 2D nanolattices with periodic square cavities. All structures were observed via atomic force microscopy. Finally, we fabricated divalent nickel ion (Ni2+)- and trivalent dysprosium ion (Dy3+)-modified 2D nanolattices constructed with CT2 on a quartz substrate, and the ion coordinations were examined via Raman spectroscopy.

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