Regulation of the migration of endothelial cells by a gradient density of vascular endothelial growth factor

A gradient density of vascular endothelial growth factor was formed onto the surfaces of silicon slides with assistance of combined self-assembling of 3-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) and 3-triethoxysilylpropyl succinic anhydride (TESPSA), which demonstrated great potential for mediating the unidirectional migration of endothelial cells.