Interactions between depolymerized fucosylated glycosaminoglycan and coagulation proteases or inhibitors

- dFG-3 has much weaker catalysis activity of coagulation protease inhibition by AT compared with heparin.
- dFG-3 may not have allosteric activation effect on AT.
- dFG-3 binds to factor IXa with much higher affinity than heparin.
- Fucose side chains and carboxyl groups of dFG-3 may be required for its high affinity binding with factor IXa.

Fucosylated glycosaminoglycan (FG) is a structurally novel glycosaminoglycan derivative, and it has potent anticoagulant activity. Depolymerized FG (dFG) is a selective factor Xase (FXase, FIXa-FVIIIa complex) inhibitor and it has antithrombotic action without major bleeding risks. In this study, we report the effects of dFG-3 (Mw ~ 14 kDa) on the catalysis rates of factor IIa (FIIa), factor Xa (FXa) and factor IXa (FIXa) inhibition by antithrombin (AT), and the kinetic of the interactions between coagulation proteases or inhibitors and dFG-3 were also studied using biolayer interferometry (BLI) technology. We found that dFG-3 had much weaker catalysis activity of coagulation proteases inhibition by AT compared with heparin (UFH). The binding affinity of AT bound to dFG-3 was lower than UFH, and the UFH-AT interaction fitted well with biphasic-binding model while dFG-3-AT interaction was monophasic-binding, suggesting dFG-3 might not have allosteric activation effect on AT. The results are consistent with AT-independent inhibitory activities of dFG-3. dFG-3 could strongly bind to FIXa with much higher affinity than UFH, further explained the reason for its potent FXase inhibitory activity. Additionally, the binding ability of dFG-3 and FIXa decreased with decreasing molecular, and the fucose side chains and carboxyl groups of dFG-3 might be required for its high affinity binding with FIXa. Our data supports further the investigation of dFG-3 as a promising anticoagulant drug inhibiting the intrinsic FXase by binding to FIXa.