Rivaroxaban inhibits oxidative and inflammatory reactions in advanced glycation end product-exposed tubular cells by blocking thrombin/protease-activated receptor-2 system

- AGEs increased PAR-2 levels in tubular cells.
- Factor Xa increased ROS and MCP-1 mRNA levels in tubular cells.
- AGEs potentiated the effects of Xa on tubular cells.
- Rivaroxaban or an antagonist of PAR-2 blocked the harmful actions of Xa.

Graphical Abstract63