Elevated and dysregulated bone morphogenic proteins in immune cells of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis

We found an elevated mRNA expression and protein secretion of BMP-2,4,5 but not of BMP-7. This was primarily in T cells. Cell stimulation with anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies or with IFN-γ induced expression of BMP-2,4,5 mRNA in untreated RR-MS patients, indicating that proinflammatory processes in MS may play a role in the BMP-2,4,5 productions in T cells. These results contribute to the understanding of the negligible extent of neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis with extensive astrogliogenesis and the failure of adequate tissue repair in MS lesions.