Linear mixed-effects modeling approach to FMRI group analysis

► Linear mixed-effects (LME) modeling extends conventional group analysis methodology. ► LME is flexible in modeling the variance-covariance structures of random effects. ► LME can analyze complicated cases that are previously either difficult or unfeasible. ► Six prototypical examples are employed to showcase the modeling capabilities. ► Intraclass correlation (ICC) can be easily computed under LME.