Cranial electrotherapy stimulation and transcranial pulsed current stimulation: A computer based high-resolution modeling study

► CES-induced current passes the skull and reaches cortical and subcortical areas. ► CES induced brain electric fields ranges from 0.2 to 0.6 V/m depending on the model. ► CES induced electrical current varies according to the electrode montage. ► Peak electric fields in some subcortical areas were similar to cortical regions. ► CES induced currents in the mid-brain exceed cortical values in some montages.