Spatiotemporal characteristics and vascular sources of neural-specific and -nonspecific fMRI signals at submillimeter columnar resolution

► BOLD and CBV fMRI were performed in cat orientation columns at 9.4T. ► Large amplitude BOLD responses were originated from intracortical emerging veins. ► BOLD signals were mostly neural-nonspecific and highly correlated with baseline CBV. ► Neural-nonspecific CBV responses were faster than the neural-specific CBV response.