Psychosocial stress is associated with in vivo dopamine release in human ventromedial prefrontal cortex: A positron emission tomography study using [18F]fallypride

► Measuring in vivo dopamine release in human PFC under stressful conditions. ► Psychosocial stress challenge induces detectable amounts of dopamine release in PFC. ► Dopamine release in vmPFC correlates positively with perceived level of stress. ► Important role for (vm)PFC dopamine in the human stress response.