Modulation of encoding and retrieval by recollection and familiarity: Mapping the medial temporal lobe networks

► Hippocampus and parahippocampal cortex support episodic encoding and retrieval. ► Entorhinal and perirhinal activations support familiarity effect. ► Hippocampus and entorhinal deactivations support subsequent familiarity effect. ► Recollection effect induced strong bilateral activations in MTL structures. ► Results will benefit future studies on patients suffering from temporal lobe damage.