Multimodal imaging of functional networks and event-related potentials in performance monitoring

► Simultaneous EEG-fMRI was conducted to study performance monitoring processes. ► The fronto-central N2 reflects stimulus conflicts without response inhibition. ► P3 and pre-SMA are involved in motor-inhibition but not conflict processing per se. ► Insular and inferior frontal cortices dissociate stop- and error-related networks. ► ERN and insular activations correlate with behavioral performance measures.