Applied nutritional investigationA higher rate of eating is associated with higher circulating interluekin-1β concentrations in Japanese men not being treated for metabolic diseases

ObjectiveIn this study, we examined the relations between the rate of eating and circulating interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 levels in Japanese men not being treated for metabolic diseases.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study of 170 men 40 to 59 y old (mean ± standard deviation, 51.4 ± 5.7 y old) who participated in health checkups in Japan and were not being treated for metabolic diseases. We measured clinical serum parameters and plasma IL-1β and IL-6 concentrations and assessed by questionnaire lifestyle factors such as the dietary intake of food/nutrition and the rate of eating. Using multivariate linear regression analysis, we analyzed the relations between the rate of eating and IL-1β and IL-6 concentrations, clinical parameters, and lifestyle factors.ResultsSignificant Spearman correlation coefficients with the rate of eating were observed for IL-1β and IL-6 (0.250 and 0.195, respectively). The rate of eating was positively associated with IL-1β independently of IL-6, body mass index, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance, alcohol intake, energy intake, smoking status, and physical activity.ConclusionsThese results indicate that a higher rate of eating is positively and independently associated with circulating IL-1β concentrations in Japanese men not being treated for metabolic diseases.