Research ArticleHepatitis C virus infection increases the risk of developing peripheral arterial disease: A 9-year population-based cohort study

Background & AimsThe relationship between hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) development remains unclear.MethodsHealth insurance claims data were used to construct a cohort of HCV-infected patients diagnosed during the period 1998-2011. Patients younger than 20 years and those with history of hepatitis B or PAD were excluded. We selected 7641 HCV-infected patients and 30564 matched controls. The adjusted risk of developing PAD was analyzed using a multivariate Cox hazard model.ResultsThe results show that the excess risk of PAD development in HCV-infected patients is 1.43-fold higher (95% CI = 1.23-1.67) compared with non-HCV patients. The adjusted risk of PAD development increases with age; compared with the 20-34 year-old patients, the risk is 3.96-fold higher in HCV-infected patients aged 35-49 years, and 11.7-fold higher in those aged 65 years and above. CKD/ESRD has the highest risk for PAD (HR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.29-2.53). HCV-infected patients with four comorbidities exhibit a substantially higher risk of developing PAD (HR = 9.25, 95% CI = 6.35-13.5). Excess risk of developing PAD is observed from the first year of follow-up till the third year.ConclusionHCV-infected patients have an independently higher risk of developing PAD. HCV-infected patients with comorbidity have increased risk of developing PAD.