Research ArticleLiver X receptor α (LXRα/NR1H3) regulates differentiation of hepatocyte-like cells via reciprocal regulation of HNF4α

Background & AimsHepatocyte-like cells, differentiated from different stem cell sources, are considered to have a range of possible therapeutic applications, including drug discovery, metabolic disease modelling, and cell transplantation. However, little is known about how stem cells differentiate into mature and functional hepatocytes.MethodsUsing transcriptomic screening, a transcription factor, liver X receptor α (NR1H3), was identified as increased during HepaRG cell hepatogenesis; this protein was also upregulated during embryonic stem cell and induced pluripotent stem cell differentiation.ResultsOverexpressing NR1H3 in human HepaRG cells promoted hepatic maturation; the hepatocyte-like cells exhibited various functions associated with mature hepatocytes, including cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme activity, secretion of urea and albumin, upregulation of hepatic-specific transcripts and an increase in glycogen storage. Importantly, the NR1H3-derived hepatocyte-like cells were able to rescue lethal fulminant hepatic failure using a non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient mouse model.ConclusionsIn this study, we found that NR1H3 accelerates hepatic differentiation through an HNF4α-dependent reciprocal network. This contributes to hepatogenesis and is therapeutically beneficial to liver disease.