A uniform cross-speed model of end-face seal ring with spiral grooves for wet clutch

► The uniform cross-speed model covers both mixed lubrication and film lubrication. ► A centrifugal flow factor is rose to correct the centrifugal flow. ► Effects of speed and closing pressure on the sealing are studied. ► Volume leakage rate is increased with speed and insensitive to closing pressure. ► The friction coefficient is varied with closing pressure.