Expert and patient consensus on a dynamic model for shared decision-making in frail older patients

- Shared decision making (SDM) with frail older patients is still in its infancy.
- We developed a model for SDM with frail older patients.
- This model may support professionals in effectuating SDM with frail older patients.
- Identifying values and goals of care are important parts of this model.
- Our model offers a stepwise approach that can be used in everyday consultations.

ObjectiveShared decision-making (SDM) is widely recommended as a way to support patients in making healthcare choices. Due to an ageing population, the number of older patients will increase. Existing models for SDM are not sufficient for this patient group, due to their multi-morbidity, the lack of guidelines and evidence applicable to the numerous combinations of diseases. The aim of this study was to gain consensus on a model for SDM in frail older patients with multiple morbidities.MethodsWe used a three-round Delphi study to reach consensus on a model for SDM in older patients with multiple morbidities. The expert panel consisted of 16 patients (round 1), and 59 professionals (rounds 1-3). In round 1, the SDM model was introduced, rounds 2 and 3 were used to validate the importance and feasibility of the SDM model.ResultsConsensus for the proposed SDM model as a whole was achieved for both importance (91% panel agreement) and feasibility (76% panel agreement).ConclusionsSDM in older patients with multiple morbidities is a dynamic process. It requires a continuous counselling dialogue between professional and patient or proxy decision maker.Practice implicationsThe developed model for SDM in clinical practice may help professionals to apply SDM in the complex situation of the care for older patients.