Proinflammatory cytokines induced altered expression of cyclooxygenase-2 gene results in unreceptive endometrium in women with idiopathic recurrent spontaneous miscarriage

Aberrant expression of proinflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and angiogenic cytokines during implantation window in women with IRSM is one of the key factors that adversely affect endometrial development, as evidenced by the inadequate expression of various endometrial receptivity markers.