Simulation of 3D freely bubbling gas-solid fluidized beds using various drag models: TFM approach

- Modeling of a 3D gas-solid fluidized bed is carried out using various drag models.
- Results of expansion ratio and solids velocity are compared with experimental data.
- A wide range of solid size, static bed height, and fluidization velocity is explored.
- Wen & Yu drag model provides the best prediction of expansion ratio and solids velocity.
- Overpredictions in 2D simulation are a result of neglecting frictional stresses.